What is the term for the maximum current a conductor can carry under specific conditions?

The term that describes the maximum current a conductor can carry under specific conditions is "ampacity." Ampacity is a critical concept in electrical design and installation, as it defines how much current a wire can handle safely without overheating or becoming damaged. It takes into consideration factors such as the type of insulation, the ambient temperature, and whether the conductor is in free air or in a conduit. Understanding ampacity is essential for ensuring that electrical systems operate safely and efficiently, preventing potential fire hazards and system failures due to overheating. This makes ampacity a fundamental aspect in the application of the National Electrical Code, especially in Article 210, which deals with branch circuits.