What type of protection is required for branch circuits supplying 125V, single-phase, 15A and 20A outlets in dwelling unit bedrooms?

In dwelling unit bedrooms, the National Electrical Code (NEC) requires the use of Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) protection for branch circuits supplying 125V, single-phase, 15A, and 20A outlets. The rationale behind this requirement stems from the need to mitigate the risk of electrical fires that can occur due to arcing faults. AFCI devices are designed to detect electrical arcs, which are unintended and can be caused by damaged wiring or faulty devices. By quickly interrupting the circuit when an arc is detected, AFCIs significantly enhance safety in residential settings, particularly in sleeping areas where fire risks need to be minimized.

This code protection standard is specifically aimed at bedrooms because it is crucial to protect occupants in areas where they sleep, as fires can start quietly and spread quickly, making early detection and interruption essential. Other forms of protection, such as Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) or surge protection, serve different purposes and are not applicable in this context. GFCIs are primarily focused on preventing shock hazards in areas such as kitchens and bathrooms, where moisture is prevalent, while surge protectors deal with voltage spikes. Therefore, for branch circuits in bedrooms, the correct and required protection is