Which circuits are exempt from the requirement of GFCI protection in dwellings?

The correct answer is that newly installed circuits providing power exclusively to hardwired appliances, like dishwashers, are exempt from the requirement of GFCI protection in dwellings. This is because the National Electrical Code (NEC) recognizes that certain hardwired appliances are designed to be used in a stable, controlled environment where the risk of electrical shock is minimal. Since these appliances are installed in a manner that limits exposure to wet conditions or other potential hazards, GFCI protection is not mandated for their dedicated circuits.

It’s important to note that while GFCI protection is crucial for areas where outlets may come into contact with moisture, like kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor spaces, dedicated circuits for specific appliances such as dishwashers fall outside this requirement. Understanding the context in which various circuits are used helps clarify the exemptions outlined in the NEC.